For what it is worth, I seem to have this problem whenever I upgrade the application (php version, osticket version, etc). For what it is worth, I've got this containerized for Docker too.
The fix seems to be reentering the ldap password in the plugin. If I try to login before that step, it fails with all my user and agent ldap logins. If I reenter the ldap password in the plugin and then save it, things work as expected.
I'm adding this answer here because I've searched high and low and didn't actually find this answer anywhere else. Hopefully it saves someone else some hassles.