Hmmm. Interesting. If all the attachments were stored the same say it doesn't make sense to me that they dont all work unless there was some sort of corruption in one of the tables. Can you look at the tables ost_attachment and ost_file and ost_file_chunk and figure out an entry for one that doesn't work?
When you installed the Storage :: Attachments on the Filesystem did you export the attachments the system already had in the database out of the database?